專家表示，不吃晚飯減肥不靠譜，甚至可能越減越肥。
無註釋原文：
Skipping dinner might be making you gain weight, according to a study
INSIDER
Jan 19, 2021
A new large-scale study suggests that skipping dinner could result in weight gain and a higher likelihood of being overweight or obese。
For years， research has linked skipping breakfast with increased BMI （body mass index）， but few studies have been carried out into the effect of the other meals of the day。
However， researchers at Osaka University， whose study assessed breakfast， lunch， and dinner habits， concluded that not eating dinner is a “significant predictor of weight gain and overweight/obesity。”
The study followed 17，573 male and 8，860 female students over the age of 18 enrolled at Osaka University over an average of three years。 As part of their annual check-ups， the students were asked how often they ate breakfast， lunch， and dinner。
Researchers also took into consideration the time of eating， whether participants‘ meal habits changed over the course of the study， and lifestyle factors like sleep， smoking， and drinking。
The number of students who said they sometimes skipped dinner was small， but the researchers found that those who did so all the time or occasionally were more likely to be older， more overweight， a smoker or drinker，to sleep forashorterperiodoftime，andskip other meals more frequently。
For both men and women， skipping lunch was more likely to coincide with all the same outcomes except having a higher BMI。
Skipping dinner， the researchers found， was “significantly associated” with weight gain of 10% or more， and having a BMI over 25， which is classed as overweight or obese。
It’s worth pointing out that BMI has its limitations （someone who is incredibly muscular and lean can be classed as obese， for example）， but when assessing a large population it‘s generally considered accurate enough as the outliers outweigh each other。
“These results suggest that skipping dinner， which was much less prevalent than skipping breakfast， has a stronger association with weight gain and overweight/obesity than skipping breakfast，” the study said。
The researchers suggested that the reason skipping dinner could lead to weight gain is that it makes people hungrier so they end up eating more over the course of the day。
Another possible explanation， they said， is that dinner is typically a meal that lends itself to nutritious foods like lean proteins and vegetables， so skipping dinner may mean a lower quality diet。
The researchers note that their study had limitations： It should be repeated to assess a wider demographic， and they also didn’t take into account factors like exercise， stress， or depression。
- ◆ -
注：中文文字為機器翻譯僅供參考，並非一一對應
含註釋全文：
Skipping dinner might be making you gain weight, according to a study
INSIDER
Jan 19, 2021
A new large-scale study suggests thatskippingdinnercould result in weight gain and a higher likelihood of beingoverweightor obese。
一項新的大規模研究表明，不吃晚餐可能會導致體重增加，而且超重或肥胖的可能性更高。
skip
skip比較熟悉的一個意思表示“跳，跳躍”，此處“不吃晚餐/午餐/早餐”，不做某事，用了這個詞可以學習，也是本文的高頻詞。skip 表示“不做（應做的事等）；不參加；避免；省略”英文解釋為“to not do sth that you usually do or should do”例如，不去上課/逃課就可以叫skip class，舉個：
I oftenskip breakfastaltogether。
我常常乾脆不吃早飯。
He decided toskip the afternoon‘s class。
他決定下午的課不去上了。
肥胖
obese形容詞性，表示“病態肥胖的；臃腫的”，英文解釋為“very fat in a way that is unhealthy”；
overweight一般作形容詞，表示人“體重超常的，過重的，肥胖的”（someone who is overweight is too heavy and fat），還可以指包裹等“超重的”（something such as a package that is overweight weighs more than it is supposed to weigh）。
obesity 名詞，表示“肥胖（症）”，英文解釋為“when someone is very fat in a way that is unhealthy”。
For years， research has linked skipping breakfast with increased BMI （body mass index）， but few studies have been carried out into the effect of the other meals of the day。
多年來，研究已經將不吃早餐與BMI（身體質量指數）的增加聯絡起來，但是很少有研究對一天中的其他膳食的影響進行研究。
However， researchers atOsaka University， whose study assessed breakfast， lunch， and dinner habits， concluded that not eating dinner is a “significantpredictorof weight gain and overweight/obesity。”
然而，大阪大學（Osaka University）的研究人員評估了早餐、午餐和晚餐的習慣，得出結論認為，不吃晚餐是“體重增加和超重/肥胖的重要預測因素。”
predictor
表示“（可讓人預報未來的事件或事實）預報性事物；預測器；預示物；預測因子”，英文解釋為“something such as an event or fact that enables you to say what will happen in the future”。
上週，長期不讀書會降低表達能力嗎？文中剛出現這個詞：For the older children — ages 12 to 17 — one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day。 而對於年齡較大的孩子（12歲至17歲）來說，最大的預測指標之一是，他們在校期間是否有時間自主閱讀。
The study followed 17，573 male and 8，860 female students over the age of 18enrolledatOsaka Universityover an average of three years。 As part of their annualcheck-ups， the students were asked how often they ate breakfast， lunch， and dinner。
這項研究對大阪大學18歲以上的17573名男學生和8860名女學生進行了平均三年的跟蹤調查。作為年度體檢的一部分，這些學生被問及他們吃早餐、午餐和晚餐的頻率。
enroll
表示“（使）加入；註冊；招（生）；吸收”，英文解釋為“If you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or in a class， you officially join it。”舉個：
Iwas enrolled atthe University in 2016。
我是2016年上大學的。
check-up
表示“體檢，健康檢查”，英文解釋為“a medical examination to test your general state of health”舉個：
She goes to her doctor for regularcheck-ups。
她去醫生那裡接受常規體檢。
Researchers also took into consideration the time of eating， whether participants’ meal habits changed over the course of the study， and lifestyle factors like sleep， smoking， and drinking。
研究人員還考慮了進食的時間，參與者的進食習慣是否在研究過程中發生了變化，以及睡眠、吸菸和喝酒等生活方式因素。
The number of students who said they sometimes skipped dinner was small， but the researchers found that those who did so all the time or occasionally were more likely to be older， more overweight， a smoker or drinker， to sleep for a shorter period of time， and skip other meals more frequently。
說他們有時不吃晚餐的學生人數不多，但研究人員發現，那些一直或偶爾這樣做的人更有可能年齡較大，體重過重，吸菸或喝酒，睡眠時間較短，以及更頻繁地不吃早午餐。
For both men and women， skipping lunch was more likely tocoincidewith all the same outcomes except having a higher BMI。
對於男性和女性來說，除了擁有較高的BMI外，不吃午餐與不吃晚餐的所有結果更相似。
coincide
1）表示“（兩件或更多的事情）同時發生”，英文解釋為“（of two or more events）to take place at the same time”舉個：
It‘s a pity our trips to Hangzhoudon’t coincide。
真遺憾我們不能同一時間去杭州旅行。
I timed my holiday tocoincide withthe children‘s。
我把我的假期安排在孩子們學校放假的時候。
2）表示“（想法、意見等）相同；相符；極為類似”，英文解釋為“（of ideas， opinions， etc。）to be the same or very similar”舉個：
The interests of employers and employeesdo not always coincide。
僱主和僱員的利益並不總是一致的。
Skipping dinner， the researchers found， was “significantly associated” with weight gain of 10% or more， and having a BMI over 25， which is classed as overweight or obese。
研究人員發現，不吃晚餐與體重增加10%或更多，以及BMI超過25，即超重或肥胖有“顯著關係”。
It’s worth pointing out that BMI has its limitations （someone who is incrediblymuscularandleancan be classed as obese， for example）， but when assessing a large population it‘s generally considered accurate enough as theoutliers outweigheach other。
值得指出的是，BMI有其侷限性（例如，一個肌肉發達且瘦小的人會被歸類為肥胖），但是當評估一個大量人口時，它通常被認為是足夠準確的，因為異常值相互抵消。
muscular
muscular /ˈmʌskjʊlə/ 表示“肌肉發達的；強壯的”，英文解釋為“having large strong muscles”，如：肌肉損傷 muscular injuries。
區分：
molecular /məʊˈlɛkjʊlə/ 表示“分子的”，英文解釋為“Molecular means relating to or involving molecules。”，如：the molecular structure of fuel 燃料的分子結構。
lean
表示“肉少的；瘦且健康的”，英文解釋為“without much flesh； thin and fit”如：a lean， muscular body 清瘦而肌肉發達的身體。
outlier
表示“異於一般情況的人（或事物）；（統計）異常值；局外人（遠離業務、職務）”，英文解釋為“a person， thing， or fact that is very different from other people， things， or facts， so that it cannot be used to draw general conclusions”。
outweigh
1）表示“（在重要性或意義上）超過”，英文解釋為“If one thing outweighs another， the first thing is of greater importance， benefit， or significance than the second thing。”舉個：
The advantages of this deal largelyoutweighthe disadvantages。
這筆交易的利遠大於弊。
2）表示“比（某人）重”，英文解釋為“If you outweigh someone， you are heavier than them。”舉個：
Heoutweighedher by about 20 kilograms。
他比她重約20千克。
“These results suggest that skipping dinner， which was much lessprevalentthan skipping breakfast， has a stronger association with weight gain and overweight/obesity than skipping breakfast，” the study said。
“這些結果表明，與不吃早餐相比，雖然不吃晚飯沒有那麼普遍，但是其與體重增加和超重/肥胖有更強的關聯，”該研究指出。
prevalent
表示“盛行的；普遍存在的”，英文解釋為“A condition， practice， or belief that is prevalent is common。”舉個：
This condition is moreprevalentin women than in men。
這種情況在女性中比在男性中更為普遍。
電影《感謝你抽菸》（Thank you for smoking）中的臺詞提到：The health issue’s way too prevalent。健康問題太普遍了。
對比：
pervasive表示“到處存在的，到處瀰漫著的，遍佈的”，英文解釋為“Something， especially something bad， that is pervasive is present or felt throughout a place or thing。”如：thepervasiveinfluence of mobile phones in daily life 手機在日常生活中無處不在的影響。
The researchers suggested that the reason skipping dinner could lead to weight gain is that it makes people hungrier so they end up eating more over the course of the day。
研究人員建議，不吃晚餐可能導致體重增加的原因是，它使人們更加飢餓，所以他們最終在一天中吃得更多。
Another possible explanation， they said， is that dinner is typically a meal thatlends itself tonutritious foods like leanproteinsand vegetables， so skipping dinner may mean a lower quality diet。
他們說，另一個可能的解釋是，晚餐通常是適合吃瘦肉蛋白和蔬菜等有營養的食物的一餐，所以不吃晚餐可能意味著飲食質量較低。
lend itself to
表示“適合於”，英文解釋為“If something lends itself to something else， it is suitable for that thing or can be considered in that way。”舉個：
The novel‘s complex， imaginative style does notlend itself totranslation。 小說複雜而充滿想象力的風格無法翻譯出來。
protein
表示“蛋白質”，英文解釋為“one of the many substances found in food such as meat， cheese， fish， or eggs， that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong”。
The researchers note that their study had limitations： It should be repeated to assess a widerdemographic， and they also didn’t take into account factors like exercise， stress， or depression。
研究人員指出，他們的研究有侷限性。它應該重複評估更廣泛的人群，而且他們也沒有考慮到運動、壓力或抑鬱等因素。
demographic
1）作形容詞，表示“人口的；人口統計的；人口學的”，英文解釋為“relating to demography （= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up）”舉個：
There have been monumental social anddemographic changes in the country。
該國的社會和人口狀況已經發生了巨大的變化。
2）作名詞，表示“（顧客）族群”，英文解釋為“a group of people， for example customers， who are similar in age， social class， etc。”舉個：
Thisdemographic（young teenagers） is the fastest-growing age group using the site。
該族群（十幾歲的年輕人）是使用這個網站人數增長最快的年齡群體。
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