語法乾貨 如何使用 have, has, have had, had had

語法乾貨 如何使用 have, has, have had, had had

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This video hits at each level, beginner, intermediate, and advanced。 So, if you‘re thinking。 。

本影片適合每個級別的學習者,無論是初級、中級還是高階。那麼,如果你在想……

“The verb ’have‘ is easy。 Give me ’have had‘, that’s more difficult。”

“動詞 have 很簡單。給我講講 have had,這個難一些。”

Then, skip to this time。 But if you‘re thinking。 。 。

那麼,時間軸請跳到這裡。但如果你在想……

“’Have had‘? That’s easy。 That‘s like baby stuff! Give me ’had had‘, that one’s difficult。”

“Have had?簡單啦。小學都會了。給我講講 had had,這個難一些。”

Then, skip to this time。 Or if life is very confusing and you just want to cry, don‘t worry, you’ll be fine。 I love you。

那麼,時間軸請跳到這裡。或者如果生活很混亂,你只是想哭,別擔心,你會沒事的。我愛你喲。

You‘re doing great。 Just watch from now。

你做得很好。就從現在開始看吧。

So, the verb “have”, it works like a normal verb like “do” or “go” or “drink”。 And in the present simple form, it looks like this: I/you/we/they + have, he/she/it + has。

動詞 have 的用法和普通動詞 do,go,drink 一樣。一般現在時形式是這樣的: I/you/we/they + have,he/she/it + has。

“Have” is usually for possession or actions which collocate, link to the verb “have”。 For example: “I have a sister。”

Have 通常表示擁有或與 have 搭配的動作。例如:“我有個妹妹。”

Remember, for “he/she/it”。 。 。 “She has a dog。”

記住,對於 he/she/it,應該是……“她有一條狗。”

Hmm, with possession。 In schools, they teach you this。

唔,表示擁有。在學校,老師這樣教你。

However, with possession, it’s much more common, much more natural to say it like this: “I have got a sister。 She has got a dog。”

然而,對於擁有,這樣說更常見,更自然:“我有個妹妹,她有一條狗。”

More natural, more common is with the contraction。 “I‘ve got”, “I’ve got a sister。”

更自然和更常見的做法是縮寫。I‘ve got,I’ve got a sister。

“She‘s got”, “She’s got a dog。” So, if you‘re talking about possession, use “have got”。

She’s got,She‘s got a dog。因此,如果你談論佔有,請使用 have got。

It’s much more common。 It‘s much more natural。 “Have” is not just for possession, also, actions collocate linked with “have”。

它更常見和更自然。Have 不單單表示擁有,還用於與 have 搭配的動作。

For example, little sleep is called “a nap” and we say “have a nap”。 Okay。 For this, let’s use present continuous。

例如,小睡叫做 a nap,我們說 have a nap。對此,我們用現在進行時。

If it‘s happening now now now, it’s present continuous。 Two important things。

如果發生在現在,就用現在進行時。兩個重點。

One, don‘t forget the verb “be” and “ing” with that verb。 Secondly, you won’t use present continuous or any continuous tense with possessions。

第一,別忘了動詞 be 以及動詞的 ing 形式。第二,對於表示擁有,不能使用現在進行時。

For example, “I‘m having a dog”? No! But this is an action, you can use actions in continuous tenses。

例如:I’m having a dog。 錯!但如果表示動作,就可以用現在進行時。

So, “I‘m having a nap”。 That’s fine。 It‘s happening now。 Oh, a common mistake with “have” especially for Latin language speakers。

例如:I’m having a nap。 沒問題。動作發生在現在。說一個 have 的常見錯誤,尤其是拉丁語母語者通常會犯的。

When you talk about your age, don‘t say, for example, “I have 20 years old”。 No, it’s not the verb “have”。

當談論你的年齡,不要說,例如:I have 20 years old。錯,這裡不用動詞 have。

“You are 20 years old。” That is a really common mistake。

You are 20 years old。這是個十分常見的錯誤。

So, don‘t make it。 Let’s use “have” in the negative。

別犯這個錯誤。我們說說 have 的否定。

“I/You/We/They + don‘t have。” “He/She/It + doesn’t have。”

例如:

For example: “You don‘t have good hair。”

“你頭髮稀少。”我意識到,我不想任何人對頭髮評頭論足。

Now, I realize, I don’t want anyone to judge hair。

However, I think we can all agree that‘s not good。

我想大家都認為這是不對的。這是不友好的。

But, I mean, still, it’s not nice。 And of course, the form in “he/she/it”, “she doesn‘t have a heart”。

當然了,對於 he/she/it,句子的形式是這樣的:she doesn’t have a heart。我聽到的一個常見錯誤是這樣的:

The common mistake I hear with this is this: “You haven‘t good hair。”

You haven’t good hair。I haven‘t a dog。

“I haven’t a dog。” This is really old-fashioned。

這種說法早就過時了。沒有人這樣說了,現在學校為啥還這樣教我就不得而知了。

No one says it, I don‘t know why schools teach it these days。 Just, I guess, stop saying “I haven’t”。

就,別再說 I haven‘t 了。好,疑問句。

Okay, questions。 For “I/you/we/they”, it’s “do”+pronoun+have。

對於 I/you/we/they,形式是 do+代詞+have。但是記住,表示擁有,更好、更自然的說法是 have you got。

But, remember I said, with possessions, it‘s much better, much more natural to say “have you got”。 “Have you got a dog?”

Have you got a dog?然後,對於 he/she/it,形式是:Does he/she/it have a dog?

And then, for “he/she/it”, “Does he/she/it have a dog?” But again, you can change this。

同樣,上面也可以改。這樣說聽起來會更好、更自然:has he got。

It might sound better, might sound more natural to say “has he got”。 “Has he got a dog?”

Has he got a dog?表示擁有,這樣說聽起來更好、更自然。

So, for possessions, that sounds better, sounds more natural。 Some of you are thinking:

你們可能在想:唔,我能說 have you a dog/has he a dog 嗎?

Hmm。 Can I say “have you a dog/has he a dog”? Don’t, no, don‘t do that。

不,別那樣做。這些都是一般現在時。

This is all present tense。 Okay? But, “had”, that’s the simple past of “have”。

但 had 是 have 的一般過去式。那麼,I/you/we/they + had,你會喜歡這個的。

So, “I/you/we/they + had” and you will love this。 “He/she/it” also “had”。

He/she/it 也是搭配 had。我知道,我也很興奮。

I know, I‘m excited too。 So, other actions which collocates would “have” like “interview”, “shower”, “chat”, when talking in the simple past, use “had”。

其他跟 have 搭配的動作,例如 interview,shower,chat,當談論一般過去時的時候,用 had。He had a shower。

“He had a shower。” It’s brilliant; it never changes。

太棒了,不用變形。疑問句形式:

And the question form: For all pronouns, doesn‘t change。

對所有的代詞,它都不用變形。例如:Did you/I/we/they/he/she/it have breakfast?

Did you/I/we/they/he/she/it have breakfast? for example。 And the negative form。 。 。

否定形式:Didn’t have。

“Didn‘t have”。 Again, this doesn’t change with any pronoun。

同樣,對於任何代詞,它都不用變形。I/you/we/they/he/she/it 永遠跟 didn‘t have。

“I/you/we/they/he/she/it” always “didn’t have”。 “Did you have breakfast?” - “No, I didn‘t have time。”

“你吃早餐了嗎?”- “沒,沒時間吃。”我告訴過你,表示擁有,have got 是最常見的形式,對吧?

I told you that for possession, “have got” is the most common form, right? But, not in past。

但在過去時就不是了。表示過去的擁有,不要說 hadn’t got。

For past possessions, don‘t say “hadn’t got”。 No! Just say this one: “I didn‘t have。”

不!要這樣說:I didn’t have。Have 也是一個助動詞。

“Have” also is an auxilary verb。 You need this in perfect tenses。

在完成時會用到它。有點難,但別擔心,我保證它沒那麼難。

And it‘s a little bit more difficult, but don’t worry, I promise it‘s not that bad。 “Have had”, this is used in present perfect。

Have had 用於現在完成時。現在完成式是關於從過去到現在的經歷。

Present perfect is about an experience which happened from a time in the past until now。 Usually just an experience from your life。

通常只是你生活中的一段經歷。從出生到現在,比如,你想說,我,在我的生活中,參加過雅思考試,我有這樣的經歷,那麼句子就是:I have done the IELTS test。

So, from birth until now, for example, you want to say, I, in my life, did the IELTS exam, I have that experience, and this becomes “I have done the IELTS test。” The form, for “I/you/we/they” + “have” or for “he/she/it” + “has” and the past participle, or verb 3 you can call it, of that verb, “do/did/done”, “have done”, verb 3。

其形式,I/you/we/they+have,或者 he/she/it+has 然後加上那個動詞的過去分詞,也就是 v3,do/did/done,have done,v3。但記住,對於現在完成時,你不需要給出關於經歷的具體細節,只需要說明你已經做過那件事。

But remember, with present perfect, you’re not giving specific details about the experience, just that you did it。 Again, from a past time until right now。

而且是從一個過去的時間到現在。可以包括今天、本週,一直髮生的時間。

So, this could include today/this week, times which are still happening。 So, “I have eaten dinner last night”?

那麼,I have eaten dinner last night,對嗎?錯,這是錯的,因為昨晚已經完成了,但今天仍在發生。

No, that, no, because last night is finished, but today, today is still happening。 For example。 。 。

例如:“吃些東西”。

“have something to eat”。 You want to know, “Hmm? Did they have something to eat today?”

你想知道,“唔,他們今天有什麼吃的嗎?”從今天開始到現在,是現在完成時。

From the beginning of today until now, it‘s present perfect。 So, she’ll say, “Have you had anything to eat today?”

那麼,她會說:“你今天有什麼吃嗎?”記住,“今天”,還在進行。

Remember, “today”, that‘s still continuing。 She’s asking from the beginning of today until now and her answer can be:

她是問從今天開始到現在,因此她的回答可以是:“我吃了個櫻桃。”

“I‘ve had a cherry。” You can contract “have”, “I’ve had”。

你可以縮寫 have,變成 I‘ve had。所以,當你看到 have had,它談論的是某事發生在過去一直持續到現在。

So, when you see “have had”, it’s talking about something happening from a past time until now。 How about the negative?

那否定呢?I haven‘t had anything,haven’t had,這是否定。

“I haven‘t had anything”, “haven’t had”, that‘s the negative。 Remember, “he/she/it” + “hasn’t had”。

記住,he/she/it+hasn‘t had。當你開始談論細節時,你談論的是具體的事情,具體的時間。

When you start talking about the details, you’re talking about specific things, specific times。 Then, you change to past simple。

那麼,要變成一般過去時。例如:

For example。 。 。 “Oh my god。 Have you been to Brazil? That‘s present perfect by the way。”

“哦買噶,你去過巴西?順便說一下,這是現在完成時。”“對,我去過巴西。”

“Yeah, I’ve been to Brazil。” “Oh my god。 When did you go? That‘s past simple。 I’m asking about a specific time。”

“哦買噶,你什麼時候去的?這是一般過去時。我問的是具體時間。”“很好,謝謝。我去年去的。”

“Cool。 Thanks。 I went last year。” “Last year? Well, that‘s a specific time。”

“去年?嗯,這是個具體時間。”“你跟誰去的?”

“Who did you go with?” “I went with my family。 You’re really weird。”

“我跟我家人去的。你這人很怪耶。”表示從過去到現在的經歷,用現在完成時,表示具體的時間和細節,用一般過去時。

So, experiences from a past time until now, present perfect, the specific times and the details, past simple。 And finally, “had had”。

最後,had had。這真不難,我保證。

It‘s really not difficult, I promise。 Stay here。 Don’t don‘t go any where。

看下去,別走開。問題:你上個月去哪裡度假了?

Example question: Where did you go on your holiday last month? That’s a specific time。 So, past simple: he went to London。

這是個具體時間。所以用一般過去時:他去了倫敦。現在,他想知道這是不是他第一次去那裡。

Now, he wants to know was it your first time? And He wants to say no。

然後他想說不是。一年前他去了那裡度假,那他怎麼說呢?

A year before, he had a holiday, how does he say that? You can say “go on a holiday”, you can also say “have a holiday”。

你可以說 go on a holiday,也可以說 have a holiday。那為什麼我們用 had had 呢?

So, why did we use “had had”? Well, this is the past perfect。

這是過去完成時。談論的是以前的一個經歷,一個過去的經歷。

This talks about an experience before, a past experience。 The form is always the verb “had”, “I/you/we/they”, “he/she/it” always “had” and again, the verb 3, in this case, “have/had/had”。

形式永遠都是動詞 had,I/you/we/they,he/she/it 永遠都跟 had,然後加 v3,在這個例子中就是 have/had/had。因此,他說:上個月,我去倫敦度假,但在此之前,我去年去倫敦度假了。

So, what he‘s saying is this: Last month, I had a holiday to London, but before that, I had had a holiday to London last year。 So, this action happened before this action。

這個動作發生在這個動作之前。注意,它們是相連的。就這樣。

And notice, they’re connected。 That‘s it。 Those are the two reasons you use past perfect。

這就是你使用過去完成時的兩個原因。這個動作發生在過去的動作之前,它們是有相連的。

This action happened before a past action and they’re connected。 That‘s why we use past perfect。

這就是為什麼我們使用過去完成時。給你看一個否定句,可能會更說得通。

If I show you in a negative, it might make more sense。 Okay, let’s imagine that holiday was his first time to London and he got lost because he doesn‘t know this city and it can get confusing。 So。 。 。

好吧,讓我們想象一下他第一次去倫敦度假的時候迷路了,因為他不瞭解這個城市,這讓人很困惑。因此……“你喜歡倫敦嗎?” - “我迷路了,因為我之前沒去過那裡。”

“Oh。 Did you like London?” - “I got lost because I hadn’t been there before。” This happened in the past, anything that relates to before this time and if it‘s connected, then we use that past perfect tense, very very importantly。

這發生在過去,任何與這個時間之前有關的事情,如果它是相連的,那麼我們就用過去完成時,非常非常重要。這兩個時間點無論如何都會有些聯絡。

These two should be connected or related somehow。 This is the reason for this and we know that this happened first。

這就是原因,我們知道這是首先發生的。疑問句。

And the question form。 “I went to London。”

“我去了倫敦。”“哇,你之前去過嗎?”

“Wow, had you been before?” So again, remember? Past perfect。

記得嗎,還是用過去完成時。它談論的是過去事件之前發生或沒有發生的事情。就這樣。

It talks about something which happened or didn’t happen before a past event。 That‘s it。 Oh, and contractions。

哦,還有縮寫。I had 變成 I’d,I‘d been before。

“I had” — “I’d”, “I‘d been before。” So, you’ll notice with past perfect, often, you‘ll see it with words like “before” or “already”。

你會注意到,這個時態通常和 before 或 already 之類的詞連用。“嗯,我之前去過了。”

“Yeah, I’d already been。” So, words like “before” or “already”, those often go with past perfect because you‘re talking about something which happened before a past action。

所以,像 before 或 already 這樣的詞,通常和過去完成時搭配,因為你說的是發生在過去動作之前的事情。好,我想跟你說清楚這個。

Ok, I want to make this clear for you。 So, let’s put all of those tenses in one situation。

我們把所有的這些時態放在一起吧。一對情侶在相互問對方問題。

So, a couple asking each other questions。 We start with a past simple。

我們從一般過去時開始吧。“你什麼時候跟你前任分手的?”

“When did you break up with your ex?” This is past simple because it‘s a specific time — when。

這是一般過去時,因為這是一個具體時間——什麼時候。“我們在九月分手的。”

“We broke up in September。” Again, specific time — September, past simple。

同樣,具體時間——九月,一般過去時。但等等,有情況。

But wait, there’s drama。 He‘s thinking from a past time — September — until now。

他想的是從過去一個時間——九月——到現在。“我們自從九月份就在一起了。”

“We’ve been together since September。” Since September until now, that‘s present perfect。

從九月到現在,那是現在完成時。他想知道哪個發生在先。

And he wants to know what happened first。 The breakup or them being together, what happened first。

分手還是他們在一起,哪個發生在先。他需要使用一個過去完成時的疑問句。

He needs to use a past perfect question。 “Had that relationship ended before we got together?”

“我們在一起之前那段關係結束了嗎?”這個先發生嗎?

Did this happen first? That relationship finished before we got together。

那段關係在我們在一起之前就結束了。因為她用了過去完成時,意味著那件事發生在前。

So, because she used past perfect, that indicates that happened first。 So actually, we don’t need that sentence。

其實,我們不需要那句話。事實上,我們甚至不需要 before,我們不用那樣說,為啥?

In fact, we don‘t even need “before”, we don’t need to say that, why? Because past perfect already implies that that happened first。

因為過去完成時已經暗示了那件事先發生。“那段關係在我們一起之前已經結束了嗎?”

“Had that relationship finished before we got together?” “Yes, it had finished。”

“是的,已經結束了。”或“是的,結束了。”

Or, “Yes, it had。” So, okay, I hope you understand now how to use “had”, “have”, “has”, “have had” and “had had”。

好,我希望你現在明白如何使用 had,have,has,have had 和 had had。在評論中寫下你自己的例子,肯定句,否定句,和疑問句。

So, write your own examples, positives, negatives, and questions in the comments。 I‘ll correct you。

我會糾正你。別擔心。

And don’t worry。 If this is all very confusing to you, it‘s not just you。

如果這一切讓你很困惑,那不僅僅是你。當我上課的時候,我通常會先上幾節關於過去完成式的課,然後再繼續學習。

When I have a class, I’ll usually do a few lessons on past perfect before moving on。 So, if you‘re still a bit confused, don’t worry, watch again, take it slow。

如果你還是有點困惑,別擔心,再看一遍,慢慢來。你會懂的,我保證。

You will get there。 I promise。 And if you need extra extra English practice, you can join this channel as a member or join my patreon page。

如果你需要更多額外的英語練習,你可以作為會員加入這個頻道或加入我的 patreon 頁面。你會找到這節課和許多其他課程的課件。

You‘ll find a worksheet for this and many other lessons。 The link of signing up is in the description and I’ll see you in the next class。

註冊的連結在描述中,下節課見。

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