論文資訊
DOI： 10。15302/J-LAF-20180205
第三類智慧
A Third Intelligence
耿百利、張子豪
Bradley CANTRELL， ZHANG Zihao
摘要
將人工智慧應用於景觀設計學科所面臨的首要挑戰在於當前人工智慧的定義不適用於系統性的景觀框架。一般的人工智慧定義不關注複雜的生態關係，而是傾向於強調個體智慧，忽視了人類和非人類智慧體相結合而產生的智慧。我們認為，在將人工智慧充分應用於景觀設計領域之前，針對景觀設計學科制定一個切實的“智慧”的定義非常必要。我們採用智慧體－環境框架來定義景觀中的智慧，並認為這一定義必須具體而明晰：在探討智慧時，明確智慧體、環境和首要目標是十分必要的。從智慧的角度來看，設計師透過精心設計分佈在環境中的各種智慧體來創造景觀。而在將人工智慧引入景觀設計學科的過程中，我們提出了與人類及非人類智慧體共同演進的“第三類智慧”。而這些智慧形式間的相互作用與對話也將為景觀設計學科帶來新的機遇。
關鍵詞
人工智慧；景觀設計學；智慧體－環境框架；廣義智慧；第三類智慧
Abstract
The fundamental challenge in the application of Artificial Intelligence to the discipline of Landscape Architecture is that current definitions of Artificial Intelligence do not fit within systemic landscape frameworks。 Rather than focusing on complex ecological relationships， general definitions of Artificial Intelligence tend to emphasize the intelligence of individual entities and overlook the emergent intelligence of assemblages of human and nonhuman agents。 We argue that it is important to develop a working definition of “intelligence” specific to Landscape Architecture before seriously considering the fruitful use of Artificial Intelligence in the production of environments。 We adopt the agent-environment framework for defining intelligence in the context of landscape and assert that the definition has to be specific and situated： when discussing intelligence， it is necessary to clarify the agents， the environments， and the overarching goals。 Taking intelligence as a lens， designers choreograph the intelligence distributed among human and non-human agents in the environment to produce landscapes。 Introducing Artificial Intelligence to Landscape Architecture proposes a “third intelligence，” co-evolving with human and non-human actors。 For Landscape Architecture， opportunity lies in the interactions and dialogues between these forms of intelligence。
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence； Landscape Architecture； Agent-Environment Framework； Universal Intelligence； Third Intelligence
編輯 | 田曉劼、張晶蕊
翻譯 | 孫一鶴、田曉劼
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